Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) of 53 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their potential help winegrowers adapt climate change conditions. In total, 43 in the same location Spain (Alcalá de Henares, Madrid region) 10 5 other regions (Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, Extremadura, Andalusia). Other traits agronomic oenological interest, such as yield acidity, also monitored. results allow for grouping into several clusters according time ripeness (very early—only red varieties—and early, intermediate, late, both white varieties) (high, medium, low). total acidity grape juice ranged from 3 11 g tartaric acid/L. average temperatures higher (up 3–4 °C during summer) compared historical averages 1957–2021 period. Advanced phenology phases reduced are regarded negative effects winegrowing practices. Since some showed late or intermediate ripening, high (1 Kg/shoot) medium (0.5 yield, our findings suggest that they may be cultivated coming years by an approach mitigate effects.